Equality of English Education
⭐︎ Basic 読みやすい
⭐︎⭐︎ Intermediate 読み応えがある
CSR ⭐︎⭐︎
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a type of international private business self-regulation, contributing to societal goals of philanthropic, activist, or charitable matters. It is also called corporate sustainability, sustainable business, corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, conscious capitalism, or responsible business.
While CSR was an internal organizational policy or a corporate ethic strategy in the past, various international rules, regulations, and laws have been enacted as of 2021. In many companies, CSR goes beyond compliance with regulatory requirements as actions have been taken further social good, beyond the firm's interests.
CSR is interpreted as an initiative for building a brand's reputation. It needs to fit well with an organization's mission and guide what the company represents for its consumers.
Most consumers agree that companies should engage in CSR efforts while achieving business targets at the same time. Most consumers believe companies doing charity work will receive a positive response. Therefore, consumers are loyal to such companies and willing to purchase/utilize their products/services.
社会的責任 ⭐︎⭐︎
多くの企業が社会的責任を規定し、慈善活動を通じて貢献しています。社会的責任は、持続性、市民活動、責任ある資本活動などとも呼ばれます。
過去には社内用のポリシーや戦略でしたが、今では国際ルール、規制や法律が施行されています。
もはやコンプライアンを越えて、様々な活動が企業利益のために実践されています。
社会的責任はブランド作りとも言えますので、ミッションや消費者目線への道しるべとなるべきです。
消費者もCSRに好意的であり、企業がCSRに取り組むことは企業にも良い影響があり、結果として消費者のロイヤリティにつながります。
Marketing ⭐︎⭐︎
Marketing is like communication with customers or consumers to create a new market or establish a product/service reputation. Marketing includes advertising, selling, and delivering products to consumers or other businesses. Product, price, place, and promotion are the Four Ps of marketing.
The first step of marketing is to raise awareness through messages, information, or any communication content. When product awareness is high enough to skip, the immediate action is to attract targeted customers to purchase products or utilize services.
Any company should communicate better with the target ones and establish its reputation aiming for existing and potential consumers. Making consumers understand products/services is much more complicated than implementing each piece of the marketing mix.
Communication should share with customers what products/services are. Moreover, it is better to symbolize the core value of a product or a service. Thus, communication should be put into practice with consistency.
マーケティング ⭐︎⭐︎
マーケティングはお客さんとのコミュニケーションです。新しい市場を切り開いたり、ブランドを築きます。広告、販売や配達も含まれ、商品、価格、場所とプロモーションが４Pと言われています。
最初は認知度を上げるのが仕事で、メッセージ、情報やありとあらゆる手を使います。最初から認知度があれば、いかに購入につなげるか、から取り組むこともあります。
どんな企業でも新規顧客、既存顧客問わず適切なコミュニケーションでブランドを確立することが大事です。お客様、消費者に正しく理解してもらうのは、一つ一つのマーケティングアクションより複雑なフローです。
正しく理解してもらうのがコミュニケーションです。さらには商品やサービスのコアバリューが伝わるのが大事で一貫性があるべきです。
Accounting ⭐︎⭐︎
Accounting deals with bookkeeping for almost any business. In other words, Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about corporations. There are two types of accounting, financial accounting and managerial accounting.
Financial accountings focus on reporting an organization's financial information to external users. Accounting conveys financial information to investors, creditors, management, and regulators. The main accounting reports are balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements during a fiscal period.
Managerial accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis, and reporting of information for internal use. This type of accounting helps management to make business decisions. Based on managerial accounting reports, a business's management team decide how the company operates.
会計 ⭐︎⭐︎
会計は企業の経理です。会計は企業活動の測定、流れ、伝達手段でもあります。会計には企業会計と管理会計の2つが主にあります。
企業会計は社外のステークホルダーに財務諸表で公開することが目的です。会計を通じて、投資家、債権者、取締役会や監査に報告します。貸借対照表、損益計算書、キャッシュフロー計算書などです。
管理会計は社内用の分析がメインです。経営層が事業の判断をするために用いられることが多いです。
Travel Agency ⭐︎⭐︎
The introduction of Travel Agency industry in Japan.
Many travel agencies in Japan operate their business in Japan. They serve the Japanese population and institutions for their traveling, both domestic and overseas. A conventional business model is a package tour. This type of product is like this. A travel agency reserves public transportation and hotel and sells them as a package for a customer. In other words, the agency plays a role as an agent for coordinating packaged travel.
Another resource for revenue is coordinating individual travel. In this case, a travel agency reserves public transportation and hotel based on the customer’s request. In many cases, customers visit agency’s boutique not only to book but also to consult with staff about their travel plan.
According to Japan Tourism Agency, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Tourism, the market size of the Japanese travel agency industry in fiscal 2014 is about 6.5 trillion yen. The number is divided into three parts.
The first part is revenue from coordinating domestic travel, which is the largest part and occupies almost two-thirds of 4.1 trillion. The second part comes from coordinating overseas trip, which earns 2.2 trillion Yen. The last part is inbound travel which people from overseas travel to Japan. The amount of this part is 0.1 trillion yen.
The number of travel agencies in Japan has been around 10,000. Only 700 agencies are primary agencies that can deal with all domestic, overseas, and inbound tours, including package tours. A top player in the industry is Japan Travel Bureau. JTB’s market share is 23% in 2014, which means JTB post revenue of 1.5 trillion yen.
旅行代理店
多くの旅行代理店が日本で営業しています。個人団体問わず、国内及び海外旅行の仲介をしています。
メインはパッケージツアーです。代理店が移動手段とホテルをパッケージにして販売しています。
もう一つの収益源が予約代行です。お客さんの要望に合わせて移動手段やホテルを予約します。スタッフの経験を頼れるのも大きいです。
国土交通省、観光庁によると2014年の日本の旅行代理店収入は6.5兆円で大きくわけて３つに分類されます。
一つ目は３分の２を占める国内向けです。約4.1兆円を占めます。二つ目は海外旅行で２.２兆円、三つ目が海外から日本へのインバウンド旅行で1000億円です。
日本の旅行代理店は約1万件があり、そのうち700件が上記の３つを扱える代理店です。業界１位はJTBで23％のマーケットシェアです。